History of the Fbi and Women - 1574 Words

OUTLINE FOR PARAGRAPH 1 When J. Edgar Hoover took over the Bureau in 1924, he inherited two female agents: Jessie B. Duckstein and Alaska P. Davidson, who both resigned within a few months as part of the Bureau’s reduction of force. In 1972, JoAnne Misko and Susan Malone were the first two women to enter the FBI Academy. In 1978, Special Agent Christine Karpoch (Jung) would become the first female firearms instructor—and she would shoot the coveted â€Å"possible,† a perfect score on the FBI’s Practical Pistol Range. In 1990, Special Agents Susan Sprengel and Helen Bachor were sent to London and Montevideo, Uruguay to serve as the FBI’s first female assistant legal attachà ©s. In 2001, Special Agent Kathleen McChesney became the first woman†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Chandler has held numerous managerial positions throughout her career with the FBI, both in the field and at FBI Headquarters. In 1991 Mrs. Chandler was promoted to Supervisory Special Agent in the Legal Counsel Division at FBI Headquarters to support the defense of the Bureau and its personnel in civil litigation matters. She was later assigned as a manager in the Criminal Investigative Division, where she assisted with the creation of the FBI’s Health Care Fraud Program. Following a promotion to supervisor of white-collar crimes in the San Diego Field Office, Mrs. Chandler oversaw numerous joint agency operations, including one of the country’s first international health care fraud undercover operations. She also managed the El Centro Resident Agency, which investigated violent crimes, including cross border kidnappings, and environmental crimes. In 1997 she was promoted to Assistant Special Agent in Charge in the San Francisco Field Office where she oversaw the office’s White-Collar Crime Program, National Foreign Intelligence Program, and Terrorism Program. She also managed the division’s largest Resident Agency in Oakland, California. Her next promotion was to Section Chief in the Investigative Services Division, where she oversaw the FBIs Analytical Intelligence Program for Criminal and Domestic Terrorism. She then was appointed Assistant Director of theShow MoreRelatedThe Prohibiton Era1616 Words   |  7 Pagestwo components were not the only important people of the 20’s. This was the era for woman and their new roles in the country. From flappers to blue-collar workers, women were being seen in a different light. Women also had a large role in the prohibition. The Women’s Christian Temperance Movement was a group of strongly opinionated women who supported the prohibition. There were several criminals of this era. These criminals were known as â€Å"Bootleggers†. One of the most infamous offenders was Al CaponeRead MoreHistory of the Fbi Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of the FBI The Federal Bureau of Investigation was founded in 1908 when the Attorney General appointed an anonymous force of 34 Special Agents to be investigators for the Department of Justice. Before that, the DOJ had to borrow Agents from the U.S. Secret Service. In 1909, the Special Agent Force was renamed the Bureau of Investigation, and after countless name changes, it became The Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. When the FBI was established, there werent an abundance ofRead MoreEssay on The Branch Davidians1659 Words   |  7 PagesDavidian ranch in Mount Carmel, a rural area near Waco, Texas. The raid resulted in the deaths of four agents and five Davidians. The subsequent 51-day siege ended on April 19 when the compound was completely consumed by fire killing seventy-five men, women, and children, including the leader David Koresh. In 1929, Victor Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant, claimed that he had a new message for the Seventh Day Adventist church. He submitted it to the church in the form of a book called The Shepards RodRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation : Special Agent1656 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore Roosevelt. The FBI, formerly know as the Bureau of Investigation (1909-1935) recruited men with previous law enforcement experience to become a part of this exclusive team that aimed to solve law violations such as bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage, and land fraud. The Mann Act of 1910, which made transporting women over state lines for â€Å"immoral† purposes a crime, led to the first major expansion of jurisdiction for the bureau. During WWI, the FBI took over the responsibilityRead MoreHuman Trafficking Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesculminated in the passage of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) signed into law by President Clinton on October 16, 2000 (E.M. Gozdzi ak, 2005). The first US definition of trafficking was formed by the President’s Interagency Council on Women; a body charged by President Clinton with organizing US domestic and worldwide policy on human trafficking. The Council crafted the following operational definition to guide policy development on trafficking in persons: Trafficking is all acts involvedRead MoreBlack On Black And Black Crime985 Words   |  4 Pagesthe FBI Statistics, contrary to popular belief, was overwhelmingly disturbing, especially, when whites are high at committing crimes yet, black people are the ones high in having contact with law enforcement. Statistics shows most black people profiled by the police, end up arrested and in prison. In 2012, 2013 and 2014, whites committed far more aggressive violent crimes such as sexual assault, arson, rape, drunken driving and the list goes on. White people are also more likely to kill women byRead MoreComparing Hillary Clinton And Donald Trump Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesThese are the Two Worst Candidates in History Throughout the history of the American presidential elections there has never been an election that is being dread this much. The choices for the election are Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Hillary Clinton has spent years in politics, and has held both the position Secretary of State and First Lady. She is well known for the federal investigation into her and the corruption of the Clinton Foundation. Trump on the other hand, is a very successful businessmanRead MoreHistory of Police Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Police History of Police The role of police officers is very significant to American history. Police work toward protecting citizens’ rights and helping America become the land of the free. The United States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights and police play a major role in making sure American rights are met. Evolution has changed many of American history for the better; policing is part of those changes. As new issues in society arise, police mustRead MoreSociological Theories, Conflict, Structural Functionalism And Symbolic Interaction1588 Words   |  7 Pagesto the FBI statistics about five infants under the age of 1 are killed each week in the United States. No particular geographical location exists for this type of crimes; filicide occurs everywhere and in any place. It appears that the seasons; summer, spring, winter or fall, weekend or weekday, nothing put a halt to the crime. The research noted that the most common methods of killing by parents were with â €Å"personal weapons,† such as choking, beating, or drowning. Caucasian men and women betweenRead More`` The Hard Truths : Law Enforcement And Race953 Words   |  4 PagesIn the aftermath of the Ferguson riots, FBI Director James Comey delivered a truly socially conscious speech, â€Å"The Hard Truths: Law Enforcement and Race.† Comey said, â€Å"At many points in American history, law enforcement enforced the status quo, a status quo that was often brutally unfair to disfavored groups.† He pointed out that police vans are still referred to as â€Å"paddy wagons,† a direct and bigoted slight towards Irish Americans. â€Å"The Irish had tough times, but little compares to the experience

Theoretical Frameworks And Influence Of Parenting - 838 Words

My Virtual Child Experience Theoretical Frameworks and Influence of Parenting Throughout history, parents have been trying to find the best way to raise children, and come up with ideas on what the best outcomes will be. Although there are many factors to take into account when raising children, it really boils down to the parents’ responsiveness and demandingness (Arnett, 2012, p. 259). The most popular conception is the one that Diana Braumrind came up with (Arnett, 2012, p. 259). There are four categories for parenting style which are: authoritative, authoritarian, disengaged, and permissive (Arnett, 2012, p. 259). Most of the parenting styles are associated with negative outcomes, however, children of authoritative parents tend to be more positive in terms of creativity, social skills, and independence (Arnett, 2012, p. 259). Rather than simply giving the child rules and enforcing them, an authoritative parent will give rules, and explain the reasoning behind them (Arnett, 2012, p. 259). I kept this approach in mind while raising my child. I tried to be both warm and controlling, and my child’s behavior reflected my parenting style. Rather than punishing him because he broke the rules without explanation, I explained to him why what he did was wrong. For example, when my child was sixteen, he went to a party. He called me to pick him up, and I smelled alcohol on his breath. Instead of forbidding him to see his friends, or grounding him for weeks, I explainedShow MoreRelatedTheoretical Frameworks And Influence Of Parenting1059 Words   |  5 PagesVirtual Child Experience Linda Maes Colorado State University HDFS 101 Fall 2015 Dr. Ashley Harvey Theoretical Frameworks and Influence of Parenting Parenting styles differ greatly. Understanding how to parent each child individually is an important concept to learn when becoming a parent. Four parenting styles have been developed to explain how parents relate to their children. The styles are divided into two sub-categories: Demandingness or responsivenessRead MoreClinical Director At Community Partners1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthat she had a wealth of knowledge and was very knowledgeable about the theoretical framework that Community Partners employs. Jodi explained to us that the agency does not specify any treatment modality, but the agency does have commonly used treatment modalities that include, but are not limited to, CBT, EMDR, TF-CBT, Play Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Triple P Parenting Skills. She explained that the theoretical underpinnings of the commonly used treatment modalities are CBT and the traumaRead MoreThe Uk Civil Partnership Act 20041670 Words   |  7 Pages584; Binnie 45). Furthermore, it s tates that legislative alterations enforce reassessment of families individually appropriate for lesbian and gay families (Taylor 590). Besides different perspectives by various authors, the article provides a theoretical introduction. It offers more research and views from different authors concerning same-sex marriages and civil partnerships (Taylor 587). Therefore, the opening part of the article â€Å"lesbian and gay parents sexual citizenship: Costs of public acceptanceRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Substance Use Disorder On Childhood Development1565 Words   |  7 Pagesproblematic parental relationship. Children faced with parental substance abuse will be affected in many aspects of their lives. However, the impact of parental abuse will limit a parent’s potential to care and protect his or her child (ren). Family influences are significant in childhood development associated with risk factors which are parallel to PSUD. Furthermore, (Marmorstein, Iacono, McGue, 2009) found parental drug and alcohol dependence are equally predictive of children s behavioral disordersRead MoreCharacteristics And Efficacy Of Adlerian Therapy Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagesclient’s choices influence their lives rather than how their past effect their future, what types of â€Å"social interest† and â€Å"prosocial behavior† are influencing â€Å"psychological health†, â€Å"purposeful†, â€Å"goal oriented†, and â€Å"meaningful† behaviors, and understanding the client’s â€Å"subjective reality†. Adlerian therapy emphasizes the need for social interest or â€Å"community†. The social life consists of â€Å"communa l life†, â€Å"work†, and â€Å"love relationships†. â€Å"Self-acceptance†, â€Å"spirituality†, and â€Å"parenting† were addedRead MoreThis Chapter Will Provide The Theoretical Framework For1281 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter will provide the theoretical framework for training teachers for family engagement followed by a current and comprehensive literature review of: (1) Importance of family engagement, (2) Family engagement and educational equity, (3) Current state of teacher preparation for family engagement, (4) Teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards family engagement, and (5) Best practices for teacher preparation. Following the literature review, the summary at the end of the chapter will proposeRead MoreThe Image Of Parenting889 Words   |  4 PagesThe image of parenting portrayed in films nowadays contrast the existing feature of parenting. In the 19th century fathers in Europe and North America were expected to be family patriarchs and stern moral teachers, 20th century fathers have been relatively uninvolved in the daily routines of family life (Coltrane, 1996). Most western cultures has been remarkably brought changes in gender role by modernization and globalization. Globalization at its peak is tied with media and film is a vital mediaRead MoreBiological Influences On Personality : Temperament, Personality, And Life Span Development1030 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The topic of research was Biological Influences on Personality: Temperament. Personality is not just something we learn, there are also biological influences that help shape a person’s personality. Our book refers to temperament as biologically based emotional and behavioral tendencies that are evident in early childhood (Cervone D., Pervin, 2015 p.488). Each article provided an insight on how biology plays an important role in our personality/temperament. In the article NatureRead MoreAlfred Adler Reflection Paper1659 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciousness. Theoretical Stance My approach will be the individual psychology approach of Alfred Adler. This approach emphasizes the the fact that personalities are shaped by our social environments and interactions, and that conscious is at the core of our personality. Thus, we are not driven by uncontrollable forces, but rather have the power to involve actively in the crafting of our distinctive selves and choosing the course towards our future. Motivation for choosing theoretical stance I choseRead MoreThe Family Life Cycle Stage Model751 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the text, the family life cycle stage model is a theoretical framework that was developed in order to account for the regularities of a family life cycle over a period of a lifetime. (Goldenberg, I., Goldenberg, H. 2013). At each stage the family has to engage in a series of conflicts and negotiations which defines that particular stage. These conflicts and peace talks help develop the family’s identity and role within society. Remarkably, family identification has gone through such

Business and the air we breathe Free Essays

In December of 2008, the government’s environmental watchdog, the Environmental Protection Agency, decided that new power facilities are exempted from the requirement of installing mechanisms that will decrease the amount of carbon dioxide the plants emit into the atmosphere (David Fahrenthold, Steven Mufson, 2008). This action was adopted despite the resistance from environment oriented organizations (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). The ruling, signed by EPA Administrator Stephen L. We will write a custom essay sample on Business and the air we breathe or any similar topic only for you Order Now Johnson, is anchored on an old statute that could be pivotal in the future operations of the power plants under the ambit of the Clean Air Act (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). In the administration of former President Bush, the EPA has been inclined to dismiss the idea that greenhouse gases can be lumped together with soot, smog triggers and various types of air pollution (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). The case for the classification of carbon dioxide in the category of an air polluting element began in the issuance of a permit for the construction of a power plant in Bonanza, Utah (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). An environmental group, the Sierra Club, had challenged the permit for the plant (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). In its motion, the group argued that the plant must first undertake mechanisms to decrease its emissions of carbon dioxide (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). In a hearing of the EPA’s Appeals Board, a body tasked to hear issues regarding rulings and procedures of the body, the group made its case against the plant (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). The group cited a statute that would require that the power plants must avail of the optimum technology to make the plants regulate the emission of all monitored pollutive substances (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). This is parallel to the reminder of the group to the decision of the April 2007 ruling of the Supreme Court (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). In that decision, Massachusetts vs. EPA (549 U.S. ___ (2007) (The Oyez Project, 2009), the Supreme Court ruled on the question whether the EPA has the power to monitor carbon dioxide and other pollutants (Oyez, 2009). In a 5-4 decision, that power was affirmed by the Supreme Court (Oyez, 2009). The case mainly stemmed from the action of the EPA in a seeming abrogation of that power (Environmental Defense Fund, 2008). In the majority decision with Justice John Paul Stevens as ponente, or author, the court ruled that the agency cannot abandon its responsibility and duty under the law to monitor the emissions of air pollutants into the air (Linda Greenhouse, 2007). Court litigations have been put on hold among them the earlier case of emissions from power facilties (Greenhouse, 2007). Stevens, joined in the decision by Justices Anthony Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, David Breyer and Stephen Souter, decided that the EPA did not do anything in court than just present a list of items that the agency will not monitor (Greenhouse, 2007). The ruling of the Supreme Court however does not order that the Federal government conduct and enact programs to combat pollution emission (Environmental, 2008). But it is inferred that the United States Congress enact legislation to found a program for the purpose (Environmental, 2008). Massachusetts, among the parties, that did have a legal standing before the Court, was vindicated in its appeal against the EPA (Environmental, 2008). It is in the opinion of the Court that the matter be sent to Congress for final disposition (Environmental, 2008). In their opinion, air pollutants, as those emitted by the power facilities as well as motor vehicles, on which the Massachusetts case hinged, did not qualify as such under the ambit of the Clean Air Act (Environmental, 2008). In their decision, the Court ruled that it is within the scope of the powers of the EPA to regulate such pollutants (Environmental, 2008). The only exception is that if the pollutants do not contribute to the crisis of global warming (Environmental, 2008). But the EPA decided otherwise. This in complete defiance of a ruling by the United States Supreme Court in April of 2007 that carbon dioxide can be classified as an air pollutant that should be monitored under the Clean Air Act (Fahrenthold, Mufson, 2008). In the same way, the EPA granted the same exemptions to power plants emitting mercury beyond the lawful regulations (Fox News, 2008). In a decision handed down by a Federal Appeals court, the court overturned the policy of the Bush administration that stated that the government can let power plants exceed limits set for emission of the poisonous mercury element (Fox News, 2008). About a dozen state authorities had opposed the EPA regulation, saying that if the regulation had pushed through, it would release notoriously high amounts of mercury into the atmosphere (Fox News, 2008). How to cite Business and the air we breathe, Papers

John Gotti Essay Example For Students

John Gotti Essay If ever there was an incubator for crime it was the Italian Harlem tenements of the South Bronx. In one of those crowded dirty apartments, a young John Gotti seeked an impoverished existence with his parents and eleven sisters and brothers. His father rarely worked and then, only at menial jobs, risking the money that the family did have on gambling. Eventually the family moved to central Brooklyn, which was known as East New York. In East New York, for a poor boy like John Gotti with nothing in the way of prospects, the Cosa Nostra represented something to which he could realistic aspire to gain the power and respect he craved. He started as many young boys did, running errands for the gangsters, molding himself into a young bully with a future. His first major incident with the police occurred when he tried to steal a cement mixer and it fell on his feet, an injury that affected his gait for the rest of his life. He quit school at sixteen and rose to leadership in a local street gang of thieves called the Fulton-Rockaway Boys, named after two streets in their neighborhood. At an early age he exerted his bad temper, dominance and readiness to engage in fistfights. These were just the right characteristics to develop his potential as a Mafia boss. In the mid-1960s, Gottis boss Carmine Fatico moved his headquarters out to Ozone Park near JFK Airport. Gotti, his brothers, Angelo and Willie Boy became relatively successful hijackers. That is, until they got caught in 1968 and landed in prison. In 1972, when Gotti got out of prison and went back to Ozone Park, the headquarters had been imaginatively renamed the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. Two important things happened in his life to significantly lift his status in the Cosa Nostra. The first was that his boss Carmine Fatico faced a loansharking indictment, so Gotti became Faticos man on the street to keep him informed about what was happening at a grass-roots level. The second was that Gotti met Neil Dellacroce, an important under boss to Carl Gambino. Neil accomplished Carlos violent dirty work from a headquarters in Little Italys Mulberry Street called the Ravenite Social Club. Neil, who was disappointed that his only son Armond became a drug addict, saw in Gotti a young protege who was a younger version of his own violent, macho self. Like Gotti, he had a weakness for gambling and one such episode got him in trouble with the IRS. Neil ended up in jail for at least a year. With both Fatico and Dellacroce in the slammer, John Gotti was handed a lot of new responsibilities. For one thing, he gained incredible visibility by reporting directly to Carlo Gambino while Fatico was in jail. Before that opportunity, Carlo did not particularly value Gottis crowd in Ozone Park. To the sophisticated Carlo, they were just a bunch of hotheaded thugs. This was a chance for Gotti to show himself in a different light. Gotti brought home to the Ozone Park crowd Carlos prohibition on drug dealing. But the warnings fell on deaf ears. Many of the men very close to Gotti were dealing and using heroin and cocaine. But Gotti kept the faith by warning them: If youre dealin, youre f..kin playin with fire, and if you get caught, youre f..kin dead. Through Neil Dellacroce, Gotti and his Ozone Park boys had a chance to vastly improve their status under Carlo. Carlo had lost a nephew in 1973 to a kidnapper who collected the $100K ransom and then murdered the boy. Gotti was given the opportunity to get revenge for Carlo. The kidnapper was a man named James McBratney.Gotti, Angelo Ruggiero and another one of the Bergin soldiers dressed up as cops and shot McBratney in a pub in front of several witnesses. Angelo was arrested first and later, the police also arrested Gotti for the murder. Fortunately for Gotti, Carlo gave the McBratney case to his talented lawyer Roy Cohn who was able to get the charge reduced to manslaughter. While Gotti was in jail in 1976, Carlo Gambino had a heart attack and was dying. Carlo made a decision that was to create problems for the crime family for almost a decade-he named his brother-in-law Paul Castellano as his successor. Castellano was not respected and admired like Carlo. Perhaps his insecurity caused him to keep Neil as his under boss in charge of all of the more violent activities, such as hijacking. While Paul would focus the family efforts on the more sophisticated criminal activities like union rackets and bid-rigging in c onstruction projects. Wendy Martin EssayIt has been called The Outfit, The Arm, The Clique, The Tradition, The Syndicate, The Honored Society, The Office, and The Combination, but to its members it is La Cosa Nostra (this thing of ours). The face of the Mafia has changed from the faceless, mysterious, and impenetrable power that it was fifty years ago. Fifty years ago, no member of La Cosa Nostra would have considered breaking omerta, the code of silence which, in many ways, is responsible for the power of the Mafia.To do this was to be labeled a rat (called that because a rat will do anything to survive) and be marked for certain death. Today, things are different. It has been blamed on drugs, and it has been blamed on youth. One thing is certain: powerful members of the Mafia have broken omerta, and the entire organization has paid the price. In 1988, Angelo Lonardo, former acting boss of the Cleveland Family, testified before the Senate Committee on Government Affairs. The issue of the changing of t he Mafia was addressed. Senator Roth stated: we are facing a new generation of the LCN La Cosa Nostra They lack respect for tradition and for the family, they have succumbed to the influence of drugs, both as traffickers and as users. As a result, they have become more greedy, selfish, more violent. Many have chosen to forsake omerta, the traditional vow of silence and turn in other family members to save their own skins. Mr.Lombardo himself stated that there were no men of honor anymore. He states: It has changed since I first joined in the 1940s, especially in the last few years with the growth of narcotics. Greed is causing younger members to go into narcotics without the knowledge of the families. These younger members lack the discipline and respect that made This Thing as strong as it once was.

American Graffiti essays

American Graffiti essays Can you recall the very last night that you spent with your high school buddies before packing your bags up and leaving for college? The film American Graffiti can help you revisit this night by recreating both the terrible and great times you once experienced. The film is based around a closely knit group of teenagers who will all be leaving each other the next day while adventuring off in their separate directions. This gang of teenagers, despite their differences, all go out together and share their last memorable evening together before splitting up. Many events take place during the course of this last evening together. Throughout the night, friendships are strengthened, conflicting struggles arise, and romances are created and disrupted. Curt Henderson who is a very intelligent man, faces several troubling conflicts. First, Curt must decide if he will accept a large scholarship he has won and attend an eastern coast college. The scholarship would financially help him out, but he begins to have doubts about succeeding there, and would rather attend a local college. However, if he attends a local college, his best friend Steve who had been planning on attending the eastern coast college together, will become terribly upset. Another struggle arises when Curt sees a long-blonde hair women driving a white thunder bird lip motion the words I Love You to him. Curts heart throbs out for this gorgeous babe, and he is determined to chase her around all night and track her down. Unfortunately he receives a rude awakening when this woman tells him that she cant meet him. Curt learns that beauty isnt everything and realizes that his girlfriend Laurie is great match for him. The Pharaohs initiate Curts final conflict. The gang wishes for Curt to join their group and forces him to pull a couple of pranks. However, after successfully completing the pranks, he doe...

U.S. Elections-Prejudices in Journalism essays

U.S. Elections-Prejudices in Journalism essays The articles used to form our class research project on the U.S. Elections were based on News finding from many different countries. The basis of most of the articles was how President Bush and Senator John Kerry were viewed upon in relations with those countries. A few other things covered were senator elections and voting. I feel that language plays a huge role in Newspaper Articles or any type of journalism for that matter. Several articles never directly take sides on the election but by the writing of certain statements leads the reader to believe in one direction. For example, in the Mexico and NAFTA report it was stated, All the major countries in the region opposed the decision by the US and Britain to attack Iraq without a second UN resolution. Kerry supported this policy, though Democrats are now trying to argue that he did so out of loyalty to servicemen about to go into action rather than because he agreed with President Bush. As the article started to put down carry, they rebutted with a comment to make Kerry appear as if he were making his decisions for the people. This continued throughout the article, continuous support of Kerry and not much recognition of Bush. Most of the articles clearing appeared to be trashing both candidates for our Presidency. The article from the Toronto Star reported in one sentence, Bushs policy, it wont work since he is, indeed, performing like a recruiting sergeant for Al Qaeda. A few paragraphs later they stated, Kerry cannot tell his voters the truth, he tells them only part of the truth, when he says it, he doesnt sound like he really believes it. Which is why Americans-as yet-dont believe in him. Another article from the Middle East reported Dr. Mohammad TabatabaI as saying, As far as Iran is concerned, both candidates in the next United States presidential elections have views which are rath ...

Clinical epidemiology 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Clinical epidemiology 2 - Assignment Example Breast cancer cells may be hormone-dependent while some can lie dormant in tissues for a very long time, as long as thirty years, after removal of the primary tumor (Lipkus et al, 2001). Some illnesses may act as catalysts in the progression of the disease in the body (Gail & Rimer, 1998). Consequently, this implies that even with earlier detection and treatment, there can be a risk of recurrence during the entire life of the patient. However, with early screening, it is possible to detect these cells before they start causing symptoms (Schonberg   et al, 2014; Siegel et al, 2012). Once the disease symptoms start showing, the tumors are mostly larger and will have likely spread to other parts beyond the breast. In contrast, breast cancer cells found earlier through screening are likely smaller and their presence is still limited to the breasts thus their spread is much easier to curtail, for example, through prophylactic surgery (Freedman, 2010; Nelson,  2012). At the point of detection, it is easier to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. The size of the tumor and how far it has spread are vital indicators of predicting prognosis and are almost entirely dependent on the time of detection of the cancer (Siegel et al, 2012). Screening enables detection of the disease in early stages and hence it is possible to reverse the spread of the disease. Consequently, screening improves survival rates among breast cancer patients. The proportion of the population affected by breast cancer is a pointer to the importance of screening the at-risk population. According to studies, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and causes the second highest number of deaths in the US (Smith et al, 2013). Health statistics indicate that out of every 8 women, one will develop a severe form of breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2014 alone, close to quarter million cases of new breast cancer cases were expected to

Branched Chain Amino Acids and their Effect on Sports Performance Article

Branched Chain Amino Acids and their Effect on Sports Performance - Article Example Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are amino acids whose molecular structure is made up of branched aliphatic side chains. Three amino acids occurring in humans, viz. valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are essential BCAAs. They are essential because they are not synthesized by the body and have to be supplied through diet. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which in turn, are the building blocks of the body. A high proportion of muscle tissue is built of BCAAs. Therefore, these are of high utility in increasing muscle mass, especially for those who undertake strength training. Since BCAAs are essential amino acids, they have to be supplied either through diet or through dietary supplements. All food sources that are rich in proteins have sufficient amounts of BCAAs. Commonly available food sources that are rich in BCAAs include dairy products, eggs, whey, chicken, and meat, especially red meat. During strength training and strenuous exercise, a high amount of BCAAs are broken down and used up. Oxidation of these amino acids occurs in skeletal muscles. Though BCAAs are not used as a source of energy in the body under normal conditions, they do contribute to energy generation during heavy and strenuous exercise. The subsequent breakdown of these amino acids for energy generation during heavy exercise leads to muscle damage and tear. Therefore, restoring them with the help of protein supplements is extremely necessary to make up for the loss of proteins. Innumerable studies have investigated the effects of BCAAs on the performance of athletes.

What do you consider are the essential attributes of an interviewer Essay

What do you consider are the essential attributes of an interviewer and why - Essay Example Hence, the organizations are now trying to authenticate the research by applying the new techniques. There are studies related to mental health, socio-economic and personnel factors. Organizations conducting the researches, involved in planning of interviews and designing of the questionnaires. With an effective discussion, limitations of interviews are confined to avoid any unfairness; as the interview is a vital instrument behind any research or investigation. Therefore an interviewer requires endowing himself with all the attributes necessary to get the proper information. An interviewer needs a proper study of the subject of research, its background and proper understanding of the objective of interview, in a proper way. There are several techniques applied to conduct an authentic interview. The case may vary from a crime to patient in a mental hospital. The body language, way of communication and approach applied matters a lot in the quality of the interview. (Ritchie, Lewis 200 3). An interviewer should always keep in mind, the importance of qualitative value of the research which can be achieved only through primary data collection method; which is totally based on the interview of the native. More exact information you derive from the interviewee, more the research will be authentic. The subject of the study requires a particular kind of approach to make the research fruitful, avoiding any bias. The design of questions planned may have socio-economical, natural, physical and psychological approaches, depending on the objective of the research. Selection of the field for the research, making a team, and a good fieldwork with historical, social and psychological analysis is necessary, before designing the questions for the interview. The interview should be able to reach in depth of an individual, acquiring all the required information from him. Selection of the place of interview and the kind of questions, affects the psychology of the individual which ma y influence in the spontaneity of the information he is giving. Therefore, to get the same in a proper way, the individual should be provided with a contented environment, which encourages him to narrate his story or the incident he has witnessed. As soon as the process of data collection through an authentic interview is completed; a qualitative analysis of collected information is required, to give a proper shape to final research report. Among several approaches of interviewing and researching, the most successful one is a psychological approach. As the information is acquired from a human beings, who are psychological in nature; treating them psychologically, would certainly help gain more factual information than any other approaches. Here we will discuss about the methods of psychological approach of interview. This technique of interview consists of a non-accusatory interview combining both investigative and behavior-provoking questions. This technique of interview has three elements: Factual analysis, interviewing, and investigation. Besides being distinct in their process these elements have a common objective to help the innocent and identify the offender. Interrogating that individual becomes an important task to find out the reality. This technique is useful in extracting information from reluctant suspects. Interviews and investigation both are supported by investigative findings; therefore, a proper analysis of facts can help the interviewer in following ways: Recognize appropriate questioning planning. Increase the possibility to recognize the offender through the interview. unlikely suspects Develop probable

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Analysis

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Analysis I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is an autobiography written by Maya Angelou. She describes about her hard life caged growing up as a black girl from the South. Maya Angelou starts the novel about her life in the age of three with her four-year-old brother Bailey. They are turned over the care of their paternal grandmother in Stamps. She describes how the two children were sent away after they parents divorce, traveling by train across the Southwestern and cling to their tag To whom It May Concern, c/o Mrs Henderson. Both kids are looking this like rejection and loss of self-worth. Im being sent away because Im no lovable. Angelou generalizes the children situations as follows: Years later I discovered that the United States had been crossed thousands of times by frightened Black children traveling alone to their newly affluent parents in Northern cities, or black to grandmothers in Southern towns when the urban North reneged on its economic promises. (Caged Bird, 4). Smith states tha t Maya opens with a primal childhood scene that brings into focus the nature of the imprisoning environment from which the self will seek escape. The black girl child is trapped within the cage of her own diminished self-image around which interlock the bars of natural and social forces. (Interpretation, 6) Her grandmothers store is the center of life in the Negro community of the town, being the pick-up and drop-off point for cotton pickers in picking season. Her grandmother Henderson is presented not only as the main role in center of her family, but as the leader of the black community in Stamps, strong and religious. McMurry argues that from Mayas eyes the customers in her grandmothers store were trapped in cotton fields, no amount of hope and work to get them out. Her uncle Willie is caged must have been tired of being crippled, as prisoners tire of penitentiary bars and the guilty tire of blame. Her grandmother rises each morning with consciousness of a caged animal (Interpretation, 27). Maya and her brother Baily were very close during their childhood and most of their adolescence. Maya in her story writes, During these years in Stamps, I met and fell in love with William Shakespeare. He was my first white love (Caged Bird, 11). Maya writes that But it was Shakespeare who said, `When in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes. It was a state with which I felt myself most familiar. I pacified myself about his whiteness by saying that after all he had been dead so long that it couldnt matter to anyone any more. She also enjoys the works of many prominent black authors, which her Momma, or grandmother, approves more of. Although young Maya likes Shakespeare, and is fine with the fact that he is white, her Momma wouldnt want to know that Maya enjoys a white mans work. Maya feels that she again is caged and cant express her thoughts and feeling about Shakespeare with grandmother. Angelou recalls how Momma used to make them bathe and wash constantly, even in cold water in wintertime. She used to insist on them being respectful and clean, which most people were, except for the powhitetrash children that came into the town. Those that came to the store were often very rude, but young Maya and her family are not allowed to say anything, because they are black. Angelou describes her Momma; she is tall, big, and strong, and leads in the hymns at church every Sunday. She is old-fashioned, though, as she teaches the children to behave as she was to behave as a child, and teaches them to act according to outdated racial codes of behavior. Carol Neubauer comments in Angelous relationship with her grandmother states that Momma becomes a sort of superwoman of enormous proportions with ten feet tall with eight-foot arms and comes to the helpless childs rescue. In this alternate vision, Angelou switches to fantasy to suggest the depth of the childs humiliation and the resi due of pain even after her two bad teeth have been pulled. Fantasy, finally, is used to demonstrate the undiminÂÂÂ ­ished strength of the character of Momma. The recession hit the community and the big difference between the white and black communities of Stamps is noted; white people have plenty of clothes and can afford to be charitable and spend too much, and still they have enough for themselves. In the black community, people can hardly afford to give anything away, so when they do, it is much appreciated. Even though Momma has land and money, even she doesnt spend money like the white people do, budgeting carefully and never wasting anything. Even Momma makes all of the clothes for herself and the children, and only buys Uncle Willie expensive, ready-made clothes and shoes. The depression hits Stamps, and leads to wages being cut and difficulty making ends meet. That also means that they cant afford to shop at the store, and Momma has to figure out how to keep the store running and still make money. She allows the townspeople to trade the relief food that they get for credit at the store, and is able to keep things going there. The entire black community of Stamps Smith argues, itself caged in the social reality of racial subordination and impotence (Modern Critics, 133) Christmas comes, and Maya and Bailey get presents from their parents, who they hadnt heard of since they were shipped off to Stamps. Maya and Baileys father comes to Stamps the next year, to see his children; neither of them were warned that he was coming, and it is hard for them to face their father in the flesh and give up the fantasies they had about their absent father. He is tall and handsome, and more proper and wealthy than the people in Stamps. Maya is happy that he is there, but then thinks that if people see her and her father together, their dissimilarity in looks will make people think she is not his daughter. When they finally do meet their mother, she is very beautiful and charming, and Maya and Bailey are no longer nervous or sad at being taken away from Stamps. Saint Louis is the important turning point in Mayas life. She received the mothers love and care that she missed all the years in Stamps. Maya doesnt have friends and only Bailey is the only one she can share h er secret. Maya writes Saint Louis was a foreign country. In my mind I only stayed in St. Louis a few weeks and I carried the same shield that I used in Stamps: I didnt come to stay. (Caged Bird, 58). In Saint Louis, mothers boyfriend, Mr. Friedman raped Maya at age of eight and she hospitalized. Maya describes that she looked at Mr. Freeman as a father figure. He was the only real man that was a part of her life. Being at a young age she thought that Mr. Freeman just loved and cared for her, just like any little girl would. But it went farther Mr. Freeman eventually forces her to have sex, and threatens her not to tell anybody. Ultimately, Maya was convinced that by her telling everyone about Mr. Freeman raping her, however condemning him and lying about the other times he molested her, she caused his death. Thinking that now every time she lies, someone will die, Maya decides to shield others by not speaking to anyone except Bailey. I had discovered that to achieve perfect personal silence al l I had to do was to attach myself leechlike to sound. I began to listen to everything. I probably hoped that after I heard all the sounds the world would be quiet around me (Caged Bird , 87). The lack of sound in Mayas life due to the rape and lies she said under oath had become the most important thing to her. Her life now became the sound of everyone else, burying the sound she believes can kill; her own voice. Mayas writing is simple and she is very honest. Bertolino states that Angelous description of her molestation and rape is probably the most valuable part of her remarkable book. Angelou tells the story honestly, without sensationalism, yet with enough palpable detail and enough insight so we, the readers, might to understand. (Blooms Note, 56) After these difficulties, Maya and her brother went at Stamps. Smith argues that Mayas psychological and emotional devastation find a mirror in Stamps social devastation. Stamps gives her back the familiarity and security of well-known cage. She climbs back in happily, losing herself in her silent world, surrendering herself to her own worthlessness. (Modern Critical Views, 9). Mrs Bertha Flowers played an important role in her life. Mrs. Flowers allowed Maya to come out of her depression and learned about many different things. Mrs. Flower helped Maya to come out of depression, she says to her Now no one is going to make you talk-possibly no one can. But bear in mind, language is a mans way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animal (Caged Bird, #). Mrs. Flowers, also introduces Maya to reading books, she learns that she must be biased of ignorance, but understanding of the illiteracy, and also Mrs. Flowers offered her to cookies and tea. Smith argues Mrs Flower opens the door to the caged birds silence with the key of acceptance. For the first time Maya is accepted as an individual rather than as a relation to someone else: I was liked, and what a difference it made. I was respected not as Mrs. Andersons grandchild or Baileys sister but just being Marguerite Johnson (Caged bird, 98). Such unqualified acceptance allows her to experience the incipient power of her own self-worth. (Modern Critical Views, 9). Angelou describes again the inequality between whites and blacks and looked them in cage. Equal education opportunities are also lacking, and the intellectual capacities of blacks are assumed severely limited; the schools provide an academic curriculum for whites and an athletic one for blacks. The white kids were going to have a chance to become Galileo and Edisonand the (black) boys (the girls werent even in on it) would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises, writes Angelou (Caged Bird, 151). Using both irony and straightforward description, Angelou confronts racism and gender bias, and tries to sensitize readers to these issues. Her voice come stronger and emotional It was awful to be Negro and have no control over my life. It was brutal to be young and already trained to sit quietly and listen to charges brought against my color with no chance of defense. We should all be dead. (Caged Bird, 153) At the graduation ceremony, during which the exciting expectation of the young graduates and their families and friends are exploded casually by the words of an oblivious and insensitive white speaker, the young girl comes to know already the desperation of impotence (Modern Critical, 10): It was awful to be Negro and have no control over my life. It was brutal to be young and already trained to it quietly and listens to charges brought against my color with no chance of defense. We should all be dead. I thought I should like to see us all dead, one on top of the other. (Caged bird, 153) Angelou using her memories to show how hard was the life of black society she was caged in black community. During a Gradation Party Maya gets a toothache and goes to see a white doctor. The doctor refuses to put his hands in a black girls mouth saying: My policy is Id rather stick my hand in a dogs mouth than in a niggers (Caged Bird, 160). .. Maya continues her story in 1941 where her mother, Vivian marries Clidell and they move to San Francisco. Maya and Baily again went to live with Vivian Baxter. Maya attended to George Washington High School and the age fourteen received scholarship to attend to California Labor School, where she took evening classes in a drama and dance. In 1943 when Maya was 15 years old she spent a summer with her father at a trailer park in Los Angeles. Maya accompanies her father to a small Mexican town where he proceeds to get obviously drunk, leaving her with responsibility of getting them back to Los Angeles. For the first time, Maya finds herself totally in control for her fate. She never had driven a car but her courage she did. And although the drive culminates in accidents, she triumphs. Unable to get along with her father and his live-in girlfriend she ran away and lived for 6 weeks in junkyard that was the residence of a community of homeless children. Angelou was impressed by this nonjudgmental and self-sufficient group of young transients and she felt that her experience with them served as a kind of initiation into the human race. Recalling this group in Caged Bird Angelou wrote: After hunting down unbroken bottles and selling them with a white girl from Missouri, a Mexican girl from Los Angeles, and a Black girl from Oklahoma, I was never again to sense myself so solidly outside the pale of the human race. The lack of criticism evidenced by our ad hoc community influenced me, and set a tone of tolerance for my life (215). This moment succeeded by a month spend wrecked car provide her with knowledge of self-determination and a confirmation of her self-worth. With this affirmative knowledge and power, while is she was in high school she decide to work and applied for a position as a conductor in streetcars. Stamps acquiescence and cage is left far behind in Arkansas Maya assumes control over her own social destiny and engaged in the struggle with lifes forces. Braxton argues that another positive identity experience occurs in the world of work Marguerite is determine to become a conductor on the San Francisco streetcars, even though no black have been hired previously. She visits the Market Street Railway Office with the frequency of a person on salary until she is hired, breaking the color barrier previously imposed against blacks and achieving a degree of independence (Modern Critical, 228. ) In her story, Maya concludes, The black female is assaulted in her tender year by those common forces of nature at the same time that she is caught in the tripartite crossfire of masculine prejudice, white illogical hate and Black lack of power. (Caged Bird, 231) She has broken out the rusted bars of her social cage. (page 11) Maya become increasingly concerned about her body, which to her seemed unfeminine and underdeveloped. Though her mother tried to informed her otherwise, Angelou feared that she was physically abnormal and began to wonder if she could be lesbian. Wanting to assure herself of her sexual identity, Angelou invited a male classmate to have sex with her one time. The incident resulted in a pregnancy and have a baby boy. It is the born of the baby the main turn point in Mayas life and her triumph. Smith states Maya Angelous autobiography comes to a sense of an ending: the black American girl child has succeed in freeing herself from the natural and social bars imprisoning her in the cage of her diminished self-image by assuming control of her life and fully acceptation her black womanhood. (Modern critic, 12)

Divorce in Todays Society Essay -- Marriage Family History Essays Pape

Divorce in Todays Society The Impact of Non-Traditional Families in the Twenty-First Century The image of the American family looks and functions very differently than families of the past few decades. Men and women raised in the 1950’s and 1960’s when programs such as â€Å"Ozzie and Harriet† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† epitomized the average family, are likely to find themselves in situations that have changed dramatically. Research claims that many family structures are common: single-parent families, remarried couples, unmarried couples, step families, foster families, multi-generational families, extended families, and the doubling up of two families within the same home. Marriage, divorce, and patterns of childbirth are some of the factors that have contributed to these significant changes in families. With these changes comes the possibility of remarriage and the creation of new families which bring together parents and children without blood ties. These are called â€Å"blended families† and are more prevalent today than thirty yea rs ago because divorce rates are rising and remarriages are much more common (Mahoney 40). These issues are the major factors that have had an impact on the structure of the American family. Significant changes are occurring in marriage patterns in the United States. Individuals are postponing marriage until later in life and more people are choosing not to get married. Current statistics indicate that the marriage rate between 1970 and 1990 fell almost thirty percent (Ahlburg and DeVita 24). Compared with the 1960’s marriages have a shorter average duration. A smaller portion of a person’s life is actually spent in marriage, despite gains in life expectancy. In their research, Dennis Ahlburg and Carol DeVita describe an explanation for these facts: While these facts often lead to speculation that the institution of marriage is crumbling, the number of marriages that occurred throughout the 1980’s was at an all time high. Roughly 2.4 million marriages were perfo rmed each year during the past decade. A careful look at marriage trends reveals how marriage patterns are creating new lifestyles and expectations. (21) Another issue which reflects a change of the American family is the trend of divorce. While 2.4 million marriages occurred in 1990, 1.2 million divorces occurred during that same year (Andrew 51). The trend of divorce i... ...aunched a new line of cards devoted entirely to non-traditional families. The cards never use the word â€Å"step† but most of the â€Å"Ties That Bind† cards are clearly aimed at people that have come together by remarriage. All are aimed at the vast and growing group of people who don’t identify with the old definitions of family, and who are finding ways to make their new families work. Bibliography Ahlburg, Dennis and Carol J. DeVita. â€Å"New Realities of the American Family.† Population Bulletin. Aug. 1992: 20-28. SIRS. Family, 4, 96. Andrews, Jan. Divorce and the American Family. New York: Library of Congress Catalog, 1978. Boyd, Monica and Doug Norris. â€Å"Leaving the Nest? The Impact of Family Structure.† Canadian Social Trends. 15 Oct. 1995: 14-17. SIRS. Family, 5, 58. Feifer, George. Divorce: An Oral Portrait. New York: The New Press, 1995. Herbert, Wray. â€Å"When Strangers Become Family.† U.S. News and World Report 29 Nov. 1999: 59-67. Mahoney, Rhona. â€Å"Divorce, Non-traditional Families and Its Consequences For Children.† Leland Stanford. mahoney@leland.stanford.edu. 20 Nov. 1997: 40-42. Stewart, Gail B. Teens and Divorce. San Diego: Lucent Books Inc., 2000.